Glossary of Terms

ANNELIDA- phylum of animals that includes marine polychaete worms

ANTENNAE - appendages used as a sensory organs by many invertebrates

BALEEN -whalebone, the material in the mouths of some whales, which is used to strain food from the water

BARBELS -fleshy sensory appendages around the mouth of fishes such as nurse sharks, catfish and hake

BENTHIC -denoting animals and plants that live on the bottom of the ocean

BIVALVES -molluscan animals with two shells attached by a hinge, including clams, oysters and scallops

CALLOSITIES - white, crusty growths found on the heads of right whales

CALVES- young, immature whales

CARNIVORES - animals that only eat other animals

CARTILAGE - material that makes up the skeleton of sharks and their relatives

CEPHALOPODS - animals in the molluscan phylum that include squid and octopus

COPEPODS - tiny crustaceans, which make up a significant portion of the zooplankton community

CRUSTACEANS - the class of arthropods, which includes shrimp, lobsters and crabs

DECAPOD- crustacean animals with ten legs such as the shrimp

DEPOSIT FEEDER - animals that feed on decaying organic matter found on the bottom.

DETRITUS -decomposing plant and animal matter; an important food source for many animals

DORSAL -the upper surface of an animal or the surface where the spinal chord is located

ENDANGERED -designating plants and animals that are on the brink of extinction

EXOSKELETON -the outside skeleton or shell found on arthropods such as shrimp, crabs and lobsters

EXTINCTION - the total disappearance of a species of animal or plant

FILTER FEEDERS - animals, which eat by filtering small food particles from the water

FLIPPERS -modified legs of sea turtles used for swimming

FOOD CHAIN -the natural feeding sequence within a community from lower to higher trophic levels

GASTROPODS -molluscan animals with single-coiled shells such as conchs, whelks and snails

GILL SLITS -openings in the sides of sharks, which allow water to pass over their gills

HABITAT -the type of environment in which a particular group of animals or plants lives

HATCHLINGS - young, newly hatched sea turtles

HERBIVORES - animals that eat only plants

INVERTEBRATES - animals with no backbone or dorsal notochord.

JUVENILE-the immature phase of an animal

KRILL -small shrimp-like crustaceans often found in large schools in cool ocean waters

LATERAL LINE - a curved line of fluid-filled sacs located on the sides of fishes and used to sense vibrations in the water

MAMMALS -the class of vertebrate animals, including humans, that have hair, are warm-blooded and nurse young with mammary glands

MATRIX -the jelly-like substance containing the spicules and skeletal parts of a sponge

MELON -enlarged forehead of the toothed whales; which is used to detect underwater objects

ORGAN -a differentiated part of an organism that performs a specific function

PARAPODIA - fleshy leg-like appendages of marine worms

PELAGIC - living in the open ocean

PHYLUM -a large group of animals or plants related by a few common characteristics

PLANKTON -animals and plants, which drift with ocean currents - many are microscopic

POLYP -a cnidarian such as a hydra or anemone with a cylindrical body and tentacles for feeding

POD-a group of whales traveling together

PORPOISES- toothed whales related to dolphins and killer whales

PREDATOR - an animal, which kills other animals for food

PREY- animals caught and eaten by other animals

PROTOZOANS - simple, single-celled organisms such as amebas and euglenas

RAYS -relatives of sharks that are flattened dorso-ventrally for bottom-dwelling

SCAVENGERS - animals that eat dead, decaying animals

SCUTES -bony plates on the back of a turtle

SESSILE -plants or animals that permanently attach themselves to an object or surface

SKATES -relatives of sharks that are flattened dorso-ventrally for bottom-dwelling

SONAR -sound waves used to detect underwater objects

SPECIES -animals or plants that are the most alike in the classification system

SWIM BLADDER - an air-filled sack inside most bony fish that helps keep them afloat

TENTACLES - elongated appendages used for feeding by squid, anemones and jellyfishes

TISSUE- an aggregation of specialized cells with a similar function (e.g. brain tissue)

TORTOISE SHELL - material taken from the shell of hawksbill sea turtles used for making jewelry

VERTEBRATES - animals with backbones made of bone or cartilage